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- <?php
- // $Id: database.inc,v 1.39.2.1 2005/04/08 14:24:10 dries Exp $
-
- /**
- * @file
- * Wrapper for database interface code.
- */
-
- /**
- * @defgroup database Database abstraction layer
- * @{
- * Allow the use of different database servers using the same code base.
- *
- * Drupal provides a slim database abstraction layer to provide developers with
- * the ability to support multiple database servers easily. The intent of this
- * layer is to preserve the syntax and power of SQL as much as possible, while
- * letting Drupal control the pieces of queries that need to be written
- * differently for different servers and provide basic security checks.
- *
- * Most Drupal database queries are performed by a call to db_query() or
- * db_query_range(). Module authors should also consider using pager_query() for
- * queries that return results that need to be presented on multiple pages, and
- * tablesort_sql() for generating appropriate queries for sortable tables.
- *
- * For example, one might wish to return a list of the most recent 10 nodes
- * authored by a given user. Instead of directly issuing the SQL query
- * @code
- * SELECT n.title, n.body, n.created FROM node n WHERE n.uid = $uid LIMIT 0, 10;
- * @endcode
- * one would instead call the Drupal functions:
- * @code
- * $result = db_query_range('SELECT n.title, n.body, n.created
- * FROM {node} n WHERE n.uid = %d', $uid, 0, 10);
- * while ($node = db_fetch_object($result)) {
- * // Perform operations on $node->body, etc. here.
- * }
- * @endcode
- * Curly braces are used around "node" to provide table prefixing via
- * db_prefix_tables(). The explicit use of a user ID is pulled out into an
- * argument passed to db_query() so that SQL injection attacks from user input
- * can be caught and nullified. The LIMIT syntax varies between database servers,
- * so that is abstracted into db_query_range() arguments. Finally, note the
- * common pattern of iterating over the result set using db_fetch_object().
- */
-
- /**
- * Append a database prefix to all tables in a query.
- *
- * Queries sent to Drupal should wrap all table names in curly brackets. This
- * function searches for this syntax and adds Drupal's table prefix to all
- * tables, allowing Drupal to coexist with other systems in the same database if
- * necessary.
- *
- * @param $sql
- * A string containing a partial or entire SQL query.
- * @return
- * The properly-prefixed string.
- */
- function db_prefix_tables($sql) {
- global $db_prefix;
-
- if (is_array($db_prefix)) {
- if (array_key_exists('default', $db_prefix)) {
- $tmp = $db_prefix;
- unset($tmp['default']);
- foreach ($tmp as $key => $val) {
- $sql = strtr($sql, array('{'. $key. '}' => $val. $key));
- }
- return strtr($sql, array('{' => $db_prefix['default'], '}' => ''));
- }
- else {
- foreach ($db_prefix as $key => $val) {
- $sql = strtr($sql, array('{'. $key. '}' => $val. $key));
- }
- return strtr($sql, array('{' => '', '}' => ''));
- }
- }
- else {
- return strtr($sql, array('{' => $db_prefix, '}' => ''));
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * Activate a database for future queries.
- *
- * If it is necessary to use external databases in a project, this function can
- * be used to change where database queries are sent. If the database has not
- * yet been used, it is initialized using the URL specified for that name in
- * Drupal's configuration file. If this name is not defined, a duplicate of the
- * default connection is made instead.
- *
- * Be sure to change the connection back to the default when done with custom
- * code.
- *
- * @param $name
- * The name assigned to the newly active database connection. If omitted, the
- * default connection will be made active.
- */
- function db_set_active($name = 'default') {
- global $db_url, $db_type, $active_db;
- static $db_conns;
-
- if (!isset($db_conns[$name])) {
- // Initiate a new connection, using the named DB URL specified.
- if (is_array($db_url)) {
- $connect_url = array_key_exists($name, $db_url) ? $db_url[$name] : $db_url['default'];
- }
- else {
- $connect_url = $db_url;
- }
-
- $db_type = substr($connect_url, 0, strpos($connect_url, '://'));
- $handler = "includes/database.$db_type.inc";
-
- if (is_file($handler)) {
- include_once($handler);
- }
- else {
- die('Unsupported database type');
- }
-
- $db_conns[$name] = db_connect($connect_url);
-
- }
- // Set the active connection.
- $active_db = $db_conns[$name];
- }
-
- /**
- * Runs a basic query in the active database.
- *
- * User-supplied arguments to the query should be passed in as separate parameters
- * so that they can be properly escaped to avoid SQL injection attacks.
- *
- * @param $query
- * A string containing an SQL query.
- * @param ...
- * A variable number of arguments which are substituted into the query using
- * printf() syntax. Instead of a variable number of query arguments, you may
- * also pass a single array containing the query arguments.
- * @return
- * A database query result resource, or FALSE if the query was not executed
- * correctly.
- */
- function db_query($query) {
- $args = func_get_args();
- $query = db_prefix_tables($query);
- if (count($args) > 1) {
- if (is_array($args[1])) {
- $args = array_merge(array($query), $args[1]);
- }
- $args = array_map('db_escape_string', $args);
- $args[0] = $query;
- $query = call_user_func_array('sprintf', $args);
- }
- return _db_query($query);
- }
-
- /**
- * Debugging version of db_query().
- *
- * Echoes the query to the browser.
- */
- function db_queryd($query) {
- $args = func_get_args();
- $query = db_prefix_tables($query);
- if (count($args) > 1) {
- if (is_array($args[1])) {
- $args = array_merge(array($query), $args[1]);
- }
- $args = array_map('db_escape_string', $args);
- $args[0] = $query;
- $query = call_user_func_array('sprintf', $args);
- }
- return _db_query($query, 1);
- }
-
- /**
- * Helper function for db_rewrite_sql.
- *
- * Collects JOIN and WHERE statements via hook_sql.
- * Decides whether to select primary_key or DISTINCT(primary_key)
- *
- * @param $query
- * Query to be rewritten.
- * @param $primary_table
- * Name or alias of the table which has the primary key field for this query. Possible values are: comments, forum, node, term_data, vocabulary.
- * @param $primary_field
- * Name of the primary field.
- * @param $args
- * Array of additional arguments.
- * @return
- * An array: join statements, where statements, field or DISTINCT(field).
- */
- function _db_rewrite_sql($query = '', $primary_table = 'n', $primary_field = 'nid', $args = array()) {
- $where = array();
- $join = array();
- $distinct = FALSE;
- foreach (module_implements('db_rewrite_sql') as $module) {
- $result = module_invoke($module, 'db_rewrite_sql', $query, $primary_table, $primary_field, $args);
- if (is_array($result)) {
- if (isset($result['where'])) {
- $where[] .= $result['where'];
- }
- if (isset($result['join'])) {
- $join[] .= $result['join'];
- }
- if (isset($result['distinct']) && $result['distinct']) {
- $distinct = TRUE;
- }
- }
- elseif (isset($result)) {
- $where[] .= $result;
- }
- }
-
- $where = empty($where) ? '' : '('. implode(') AND (', $where) .')';
- $join = empty($join) ? '' : implode(' ', $join);
-
- return array($join, $where, $distinct);
- }
-
- /**
- * Rewrites node queries.
- *
- * @param $query
- * Query to be rewritten.
- * @param $primary_table
- * Name or alias of the table which has the primary key field for this query. Possible values are: comments, forum, node, term_data, vocabulary.
- * @param $primary_field
- * Name of the primary field.
- * @param $args
- * An array of arguments, passed to the implementations of hook_db_rewrite_sql.
- * @return
- * The original query with JOIN and WHERE statements inserted from hook_db_rewrite_sql implementations. nid is rewritten if needed.
- */
- function db_rewrite_sql($query, $primary_table = 'n', $primary_field = 'nid', $args = array()) {
- list($join, $where, $distinct) = _db_rewrite_sql($query, $primary_table, $primary_field, $args);
-
- if ($distinct) {
- $field_to_select = 'DISTINCT('. $primary_table .'.'. $primary_field .')';
- // (?<!text) is a negative look-behind (no need to rewrite queries that already use DISTINCT).
- $query = preg_replace('/(SELECT.*)('. $primary_table .'\.)?(?<!DISTINCT\()(?<!DISTINCT\('. $primary_table .'\.)'. $primary_field .'(.*FROM)/AUsi', '\1'. $field_to_select .'\3', $query);
- }
-
- if (!empty($join)) {
- $query = preg_replace('|FROM[^[:upper:]/,]+|','\0 '. $join .' ', $query);
- }
-
- if (!empty($where)) {
- if (strpos($query, 'WHERE')) {
- $replace = 'WHERE';
- $add = 'AND';
- }
- elseif (strpos($query, 'GROUP')) {
- $replace = 'GROUP';
- $add = 'GROUP';
- }
- elseif (strpos($query, 'ORDER')) {
- $replace = 'ORDER';
- $add = 'ORDER';
- }
- elseif (strpos($query, 'LIMIT')) {
- $replace = 'LIMIT';
- $add = 'LIMIT';
- }
- else {
- $query .= ' WHERE '. $where;
- }
- if (isset($replace)) {
- $query = str_replace($replace, 'WHERE '. $where .' '. $add .' ', $query);
- }
- }
-
- return $query;
- }
-
- /**
- * @} End of "defgroup database".
- */
-
- // Initialize the default database.
- db_set_active();
-
- ?>
-